diff --git a/aya/src/programs/perf_attach.rs b/aya/src/programs/perf_attach.rs
index 00cddbd1..2e73501a 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/perf_attach.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/perf_attach.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ id_as_key!(PerfLink, PerfLinkId);
 
 pub(crate) fn perf_attach(
     prog_fd: BorrowedFd<'_>,
-    fd: crate::MockableFd,
+    perf_fd: crate::MockableFd,
     cookie: Option<u64>,
 ) -> Result<PerfLinkInner, ProgramError> {
     if cookie.is_some() && (!is_bpf_cookie_supported() || !FEATURES.bpf_perf_link()) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub(crate) fn perf_attach(
     if FEATURES.bpf_perf_link() {
         let link_fd = bpf_link_create(
             prog_fd,
-            LinkTarget::Fd(fd.as_fd()),
+            LinkTarget::Fd(perf_fd.as_fd()),
             BPF_PERF_EVENT,
             0,
             cookie.map(|bpf_cookie| BpfLinkCreateArgs::PerfEvent { bpf_cookie }),
@@ -103,35 +103,35 @@ pub(crate) fn perf_attach(
         })?;
         Ok(PerfLinkInner::Fd(FdLink::new(link_fd)))
     } else {
-        perf_attach_either(prog_fd, fd, None)
+        perf_attach_either(prog_fd, perf_fd, None)
     }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn perf_attach_debugfs(
     prog_fd: BorrowedFd<'_>,
-    fd: crate::MockableFd,
+    perf_fd: crate::MockableFd,
     event: ProbeEvent,
 ) -> Result<PerfLinkInner, ProgramError> {
-    perf_attach_either(prog_fd, fd, Some(event))
+    perf_attach_either(prog_fd, perf_fd, Some(event))
 }
 
 fn perf_attach_either(
     prog_fd: BorrowedFd<'_>,
-    fd: crate::MockableFd,
+    perf_fd: crate::MockableFd,
     event: Option<ProbeEvent>,
 ) -> Result<PerfLinkInner, ProgramError> {
-    perf_event_ioctl(fd.as_fd(), PerfEventIoctlRequest::SetBpf(prog_fd)).map_err(|io_error| {
-        SyscallError {
+    perf_event_ioctl(perf_fd.as_fd(), PerfEventIoctlRequest::SetBpf(prog_fd)).map_err(
+        |io_error| SyscallError {
             call: "PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF",
             io_error,
-        }
-    })?;
-    perf_event_ioctl(fd.as_fd(), PerfEventIoctlRequest::Enable).map_err(|io_error| {
+        },
+    )?;
+    perf_event_ioctl(perf_fd.as_fd(), PerfEventIoctlRequest::Enable).map_err(|io_error| {
         SyscallError {
             call: "PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE",
             io_error,
         }
     })?;
 
-    Ok(PerfLinkInner::PerfLink(PerfLink { perf_fd: fd, event }))
+    Ok(PerfLinkInner::PerfLink(PerfLink { perf_fd, event }))
 }
diff --git a/aya/src/programs/perf_event.rs b/aya/src/programs/perf_event.rs
index 93421ba7..2e14918e 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/perf_event.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/perf_event.rs
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ impl PerfEvent {
         let prog_fd = self.fd()?;
         let prog_fd = prog_fd.as_fd();
 
-        let fd = perf_event_open(
+        let perf_fd = perf_event_open(
             config,
             scope,
             sample_policy,
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ impl PerfEvent {
             io_error,
         })?;
 
-        let link = perf_attach(prog_fd, fd, None /* cookie */)?;
+        let link = perf_attach(prog_fd, perf_fd, None /* cookie */)?;
         self.data.links.insert(PerfEventLink::new(link))
     }
 }
diff --git a/aya/src/programs/probe.rs b/aya/src/programs/probe.rs
index 21419e08..a8a0d1ab 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/probe.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/probe.rs
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ pub(crate) fn attach<T: Link + From<PerfLinkInner>>(
         if cookie.is_some() {
             return Err(ProgramError::AttachCookieNotSupported);
         }
-        let (fd, event_alias) = create_as_trace_point(kind, fn_name, offset, pid)?;
-        perf_attach_debugfs(prog_fd, fd, ProbeEvent { kind, event_alias })
+        let (perf_fd, event_alias) = create_as_trace_point(kind, fn_name, offset, pid)?;
+        perf_attach_debugfs(prog_fd, perf_fd, ProbeEvent { kind, event_alias })
     } else {
-        let fd = create_as_probe(kind, fn_name, offset, pid)?;
-        perf_attach(prog_fd, fd, cookie)
+        let perf_fd = create_as_probe(kind, fn_name, offset, pid)?;
+        perf_attach(prog_fd, perf_fd, cookie)
     }?;
     program_data.links.insert(T::from(link))
 }
@@ -203,12 +203,12 @@ fn create_as_trace_point(
 
     let category = format!("{}s", kind.pmu());
     let tpid = read_sys_fs_trace_point_id(tracefs, &category, event_alias.as_ref())?;
-    let fd = perf_event_open_trace_point(tpid, pid).map_err(|io_error| SyscallError {
+    let perf_fd = perf_event_open_trace_point(tpid, pid).map_err(|io_error| SyscallError {
         call: "perf_event_open",
         io_error,
     })?;
 
-    Ok((fd, event_alias))
+    Ok((perf_fd, event_alias))
 }
 
 fn create_probe_event(
diff --git a/aya/src/programs/trace_point.rs b/aya/src/programs/trace_point.rs
index 564e3a57..7edbae3e 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/trace_point.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/trace_point.rs
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ impl TracePoint {
         let prog_fd = prog_fd.as_fd();
         let tracefs = find_tracefs_path()?;
         let id = read_sys_fs_trace_point_id(tracefs, category, name.as_ref())?;
-        let fd = perf_event_open_trace_point(id, None).map_err(|io_error| SyscallError {
+        let perf_fd = perf_event_open_trace_point(id, None).map_err(|io_error| SyscallError {
             call: "perf_event_open_trace_point",
             io_error,
         })?;
 
-        let link = perf_attach(prog_fd, fd, None /* cookie */)?;
+        let link = perf_attach(prog_fd, perf_fd, None /* cookie */)?;
         self.data.links.insert(TracePointLink::new(link))
     }
 }