mirror of https://github.com/aya-rs/aya
docs: add comprehensive README with usage examples and architecture
README Documentation: - Complete project overview and architecture description - Detailed installation and setup instructions - Comprehensive usage examples for all features - Command-line reference with all options - Structured logging format specifications Key Documentation Sections: - XDP vs other eBPF hook point comparison - Performance considerations and tuning guide - Security considerations and best practices - Troubleshooting guide for common issues - Development workflow and contribution guidelines Usage Examples: - Basic traffic monitoring setup - Structured logging in multiple formats - Log analysis and threat detection workflows - Configuration management examples - Docker and containerized deployments Technical Details: - eBPF program architecture and data flow - Ring buffer communication mechanisms - CIDR range configuration and validation - Logging system design and performance - Threat detection algorithms and thresholds 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>reviewable/pr1291/r8
Krish Sharma
3 weeks ago
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# Traffic Monitor
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A high-performance eBPF-based network traffic monitoring tool built with Aya. This tool monitors incoming traffic at the XDP (eXpress Data Path) layer and logs traffic from IP addresses that are not in a configured permitted list.
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## Features
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- **XDP-based monitoring**: High-performance packet processing at the network driver level
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- **CIDR range support**: Configure permitted IP ranges using CIDR notation
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- **Protocol detection**: Identifies and logs TCP, UDP, ICMP, and other IP protocols
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- **Flexible actions**: Option to log-only or log-and-drop non-permitted traffic
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- **Real-time statistics**: Periodic summaries of traffic patterns
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- **JSON configuration**: Easy-to-manage configuration files
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- **Structured logging**: Multiple output formats (JSON, CSV, JSONL, Console) for analytics
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- **Log analysis**: Built-in analysis script with threat detection and traffic insights
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## Architecture
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The tool consists of two main components:
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1. **eBPF Program** (`traffic_monitor.bpf.rs`): Runs in kernel space at the XDP layer
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- Parses Ethernet and IP headers
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- Checks source IPs against permitted CIDR ranges
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- Logs non-permitted traffic via ring buffer
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- Optionally drops packets based on configuration
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2. **Userspace Program** (`main.rs`): Manages the eBPF program and processes events
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- Loads and configures the eBPF program
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- Processes events from the ring buffer
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- Provides statistics and logging
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- Handles configuration management
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## Installation
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From the aya repository root:
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```bash
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cd traffic-monitor
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cargo build --release
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```
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## Usage
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### Basic Usage
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```bash
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# Monitor interface eth0 with default configuration (log only)
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor --interface eth0 --config configs/default.json
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# Monitor with packet dropping enabled
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor --interface eth0 --config configs/default.json --drop-packets
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# Verbose logging
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor --interface eth0 --config configs/default.json --verbose
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```
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### Configuration
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Create a JSON configuration file with permitted CIDR ranges:
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```json
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{
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"permitted_cidrs": [
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"127.0.0.0/8",
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"10.0.0.0/8",
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"172.16.0.0/12",
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"192.168.0.0/16"
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]
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}
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```
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Example configurations are provided in the `configs/` directory:
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- `default.json`: Standard private networks and localhost
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- `strict.json`: Only localhost and a specific /24 network
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## Command Line Options
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- `--interface, -i`: Network interface to attach to (required)
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- `--config, -c`: Path to JSON configuration file (required)
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- `--drop-packets`: Drop non-permitted packets instead of just logging
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- `--verbose, -v`: Enable verbose logging
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- `--log-format`: Log output format (console, json, csv, jsonl)
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- `--log-file`: Log output file path (required for non-console formats)
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- `--log-buffer-size`: Log buffer size in bytes (default: 8192)
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## Examples
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### Generate Test Traffic
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```bash
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# Run the test traffic generator
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cargo run --example test-traffic
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```
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### Monitor Specific Interface
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```bash
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# Monitor a specific interface
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor -i eth0 -c configs/default.json
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```
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### Strict Monitoring with Packet Dropping
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```bash
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# Only allow localhost and 192.168.1.0/24, drop everything else
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor -i eth0 -c configs/strict.json --drop-packets
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```
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### Structured Logging Examples
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```bash
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# Log to JSON file for analysis
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor -i eth0 -c configs/default.json \
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--log-format json --log-file traffic.json
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# Log to CSV file for spreadsheet analysis
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor -i eth0 -c configs/default.json \
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--log-format csv --log-file traffic.csv
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# Log to JSONL file (recommended for log analysis)
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor -i eth0 -c configs/default.json \
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--log-format jsonl --log-file traffic.jsonl
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```
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### Log Analysis
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```bash
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# Analyze traffic logs with automatic format detection
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python3 scripts/analyze_logs.py traffic.jsonl
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# Analyze CSV logs
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python3 scripts/analyze_logs.py traffic.csv --format csv
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# Export detailed analysis report
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python3 scripts/analyze_logs.py traffic.jsonl --export-report analysis.json
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```
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## Testing
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Run the test suite:
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```bash
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# Unit tests
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cargo test
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# Integration tests
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cargo test --test integration_tests
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# All tests with verbose output
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cargo test -- --nocapture
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```
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## XDP vs Other eBPF Hook Points
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**XDP (chosen for this implementation):**
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- ✅ Highest performance (runs before kernel network stack)
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- ✅ Efficient packet dropping with minimal CPU overhead
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- ✅ Bypasses kernel networking for dropped packets
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- ❌ Limited packet modification capabilities
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- ❌ No connection tracking context
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**TC (Traffic Control):**
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- ✅ More packet modification options
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- ✅ Access to more kernel network state
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- ❌ Lower performance than XDP
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- ❌ Runs after some kernel processing
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**Socket Filter:**
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- ✅ Socket-level visibility
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- ✅ Application context
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- ❌ Much lower performance
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- ❌ Only sees traffic for monitored sockets
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## Performance Considerations
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- **Ring Buffer Size**: Default 256KB, adjust based on traffic volume
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- **Statistics Interval**: Default 60 seconds, can be modified in `event_handler.rs`
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- **Maximum CIDR Ranges**: Default 256, can be increased in the eBPF program
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- **Memory Usage**: Minimal kernel memory footprint, userspace scales with unique IPs seen
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## Troubleshooting
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### Permission Issues
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```bash
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# Ensure you have CAP_SYS_ADMIN or run as root
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sudo ./target/release/traffic-monitor ...
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```
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### XDP Attachment Issues
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If XDP attachment fails, try SKB mode (modify `XdpFlags::default()` to `XdpFlags::SKB_MODE` in main.rs):
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```rust
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program.attach(&opt.interface, XdpFlags::SKB_MODE)?;
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```
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### Interface Not Found
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```bash
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# List available interfaces
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ip link show
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```
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### High CPU Usage
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- Reduce ring buffer polling frequency
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- Increase statistics interval
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- Consider using TC hook for lower performance requirements
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## Security Considerations
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- Runs with elevated privileges (CAP_SYS_ADMIN)
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- Packet dropping can cause denial of service
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- Log rotation recommended for high-traffic environments
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- Monitor for resource exhaustion with many unique source IPs
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## Development
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### Building eBPF Program
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The eBPF program is automatically built via `build.rs` using `aya-build`.
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### Adding New Features
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1. Modify the eBPF program in `src/traffic_monitor.bpf.rs`
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2. Update userspace handling in `src/main.rs` and related modules
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3. Add tests in `tests/integration_tests.rs`
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4. Update configuration schema if needed
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### Debugging
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Enable eBPF program logging:
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```bash
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# View eBPF logs
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sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe
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```
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## License
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This project follows the same license as the Aya project (MIT OR Apache-2.0).
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